Shapie, M.N.M, (1,2) & Mohd Noh, M.H, (1,3)
1. Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Rekreasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor
Abstract
The
aim of this learning is to know tactical used by the Malaysia
silat athlete in winning match on 28th SEA
Games Singapore 2015. Four matches were selected, men class A quarterfinals
(Malaysia vs Thailand), men class B (Malaysia vs Thailand), men class F
semi-final (Malaysia vs Singapore), men class H final (Malaysia vs Indonesia).
Punch, kick, topple, sweep and etc are the technique that been chose to analyse
the performance of athlete from Malaysia. The indicators that being used are
punch, kick, topple, sweep, and block. This will be more focusing in indicators
and will be notated based on hit on target, hit elsewhere and missing
opponents.
Keywords: kicking, martial arts, coaching, performance analysis
Silat
Melayu competition it is come from Malaysia. But now it is famous among other
country because there want won a gold medal in competition (Schepens B, Willems PA, Cavagna GA,
1998). There are three types of Silat named
as championship, showmanship and freestyle. Championship type are usually
involved of contest or match that the participant named as ‘pesilat’ aims to
become a champion either in distrinct, state, national or international. The
major competition that offered the international champion are World Silat
Championship, European Championship and South East Asian Games. Next, the
showmanship is a friendly contest that ‘pesilat’ just show the talent that there
have. Last, the freestyle types is ‘pesilat’ in a ring with other martial arts
such as judo, karate and others (Shapie, 2011).
In
this study, the kick motion will be analyzed specifically to the kick hit
target, kick hit elsewhere and kick missing opponent. According to Shapie(2010)
stated that the scientific research shows that even though the percentage of
successful punching technique is higher than kicking technique, the point
scores for every successful kick is two points.
Other
than that, it also to investigate the difference
between the winners and losers Malaysia team in silatolahraga matches in kick
indicators. The notational data will take and recorded. Then the data will put
in SPSS to find the mean, standard deviation and significant 2 tailed. The
observation are involve in this study is to find the frequency the specific
technique that need to analyse (Aziz A, Tan B, Teh KC, 2002).
So,
the combination of successful blocking and kicking technique will reward the
pesilat 'one plus two point' or three points. This is important if the pesilat
only depends on kicking technique. The pesilat need to combine both of the
defensive and attacking techniques to win a silat game.
Shapie,
Oliver,O’Donoghue and Tong (2013)
defined kick is an attacking movement which is performed with one leg or two
legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any target. It can be front kick ‘
tendingdepan’, side-kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side kick ‘tendanglengkar’.
Materials and Method
The video of silatolahraga matches were
downloaded from the website https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=tanding+sea+games+2016. These matches consist of final that include
the pesilat from different range of weight categories. However, in this study
will focus on kick indicator. It will be notated based on hit on target, hit
elsewhere and missing opponents. The video was observe to analyse the kick
indicator (Shapie, Oliver, O'Donoghue and Tong, 2013). Matched sample t-test is
used to compare in kicking indicator the winner and loser in silat match.
Motion Categories
Silat
exponent’s motions were coded into 13 different types of categories and were
defined as follows:
Punch: The punch ‘tumbuk’ attack is done by a
hand with a closed fist hitting the target. In silat punching is often used to
fight the opponent. It can be a straight punch ‘tumbuk lurus’ or uppercut
‘sauk’ to the exponent body.
Kick: The kick ‘tendang or terajang’ is an
attacking movement which is performed with one leg or two legs simultaneously.
A kick can be aimed at any target. It can be front kick ‘tendang depan’,
side-kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side kick ‘tendang lengkar’.
Sweep: The blocking movements begin with the
posture position ‘sikap pasang’ the exponent stands straight with his hands
around his body or close to his chest. Blocking or parrying ‘tangkisan’ can be
done using arms, elbows and legs with the purpose to block off or striking back
at any attack.
Topple: There are various ways of toppling down
one’s opponent. For example, a silat exponent ‘pesilat’ can either push, shove
the opponent’s back leg from the bag or from the side, shove, hit, kick, strike
or punch to make the opponent lose his balance. Every fall is considered valid
as long as the silat exponent topples his opponent down without wrestling or he
is able to overpower the opponent whom he has brought down.
Block:
The
blocking movements begin with the posture position ‘sikap pasang’ the exponent stands straight with his hands around
his body or close to his chest. Blocking or parrying ‘tangkisan’ can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the
purpose to block off or striking back at any attack.
Catch: The catch ‘tangkapan’
is done by using the hand to obstruct the opponent from carrying out an attack.
The silat exponent is able to prevent himself from being attacked by pointing
the attack which he has caught to another direction. A catch which twists or
drags the opponent is forbidden. Also, a catch which could break the part which
is being held such as the leg and waist is also forbidden. These regulations
exist to protect the silat exponents.
Dodge: The evade ‘elakan’
technique is carried out by silat exponent when he tries to evade an attack.
This technique does not require the silat exponent to touch the opponent in
fending off the attack. They are many ways of carrying out his defensive
movement such as dodging ‘gelek’,
retreat ‘mundur’, evasion to
the side ‘elak sisi’, bending ‘elak serung’, jumping ‘lonjak’ and
ducking ‘susup’.
Self-Release:
Self-release
‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a technique to
unlock
any clinch or catch from an opponent.
Block and Punch:
The
blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by
counter attack using the hand to punch the opponent.
Block and Kick:
The
blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by
counter attack using the leg to kick the opponent.
Block and Sweep:
The
blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by
counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent.
Fake Punch:
An
action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake punch to break his
opponent’s defensive posture.
Fake Kick:
An
action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake kick to break his
opponent defensive posture.
Statiscal Analysis
The
observation generated
data will be frequency
counted.
Mean and standard deviation (SD) for all the marker has been computed to locate
the measurable factors that separated winning and losing group. Statistical
analysis was conducted by using statistical package for social scientist
(SPSS). Matched sample t-test is a statistical technique that is used to
compare two population means in the case of two samples that are correlated.
Matched sample t-test is used in after studies, or when the samples are the
matched pairs.
Results
Malaysia vs Thailand (Men’s 50kg Class
A-Quaterfinal) –Mas win-1
|
Action
|
Outcome
|
||||
|
Hit elsewhere
|
Hit Target
|
Miss Opponent
|
Not Available
|
Total
|
|
|
Block
|
|
5
|
|
|
5
|
|
Block and Kick
|
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
Block and Punch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block and Sweep
|
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
Kick
|
16
|
8
|
8
|
|
32
|
|
Fake kick
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Punch
|
14
|
6
|
5
|
|
25
|
|
Fake punch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Self-release
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Topple
|
7
|
4
|
5
|
|
16
|
|
Sweep
|
6
|
1
|
|
|
7
|
|
Catch
|
1
|
10
|
|
|
11
|
|
Dodge
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Others
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
98
|
|
Exponent
|
Block
|
Kick
|
Others*
|
Total
|
|
Blue
|
3
|
14
|
26
|
43
|
|
Red
|
2
|
18
|
35
|
55
|
|
Total
|
5
|
32
|
61
|
98
|
Malaysia vs Vietnam (Men’s 70kg Class
E-Final) Mas win-2
|
Action
|
Outcome
|
||||
|
Hit elsewhere
|
Hit Target
|
Miss Opponent
|
Not Available
|
Total
|
|
|
Block
|
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
Block and Kick
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block and Punch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block and Sweep
|
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
Kick
|
11
|
6
|
15
|
|
32
|
|
Fake kick
|
|
8
|
|
|
8
|
|
Punch
|
7
|
2
|
|
|
9
|
|
Fake punch
|
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
Self-release
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Topple
|
4
|
8
|
|
|
12
|
|
Sweep
|
|
2
|
|
|
2
|
|
Catch
|
1
|
10
|
|
|
11
|
|
Dodge
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Others
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
77
|
|
Exponent
|
Block
|
Kick
|
Others*
|
Total
|
|
Blue
|
1
|
11
|
26
|
38
|
|
Red
|
0
|
21
|
18
|
39
|
|
Total
|
1
|
32
|
44
|
77
|
Malaysia vs Indonesia (Men’s 85kg class
H-final) Indo-win-1
|
Action
|
Outcome
|
||||
|
Hit elsewhere
|
Hit Target
|
Miss Opponent
|
Not Available
|
Total
|
|
|
Block
|
|
7
|
|
|
7
|
|
Block and Kick
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
3
|
|
Block and Punch
|
|
2
|
|
|
2
|
|
Block and Sweep
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
|
4
|
|
Kick
|
16
|
16
|
11
|
|
43
|
|
Fake kick
|
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
Punch
|
11
|
9
|
4
|
|
24
|
|
Fake punch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Self-release
|
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
Topple
|
4
|
1
|
2
|
|
7
|
|
Sweep
|
2
|
1
|
3
|
|
6
|
|
Catch
|
|
8
|
|
|
8
|
|
Dodge
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Others
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
106
|
|
Exponent
|
Block
|
Kick
|
Others*
|
Total
|
|
Blue
|
2
|
26
|
28
|
56
|
|
Red
|
5
|
17
|
28
|
50
|
|
Total
|
7
|
43
|
56
|
106
|
Malaysia vs Singapore (Men’s 75kg Class F-
Semifinal) –Sing win-2
|
Action
|
Outcome
|
||||
|
-
|
Hit elsewhere
|
Hit Target
|
Miss Opponent
|
Not Available
|
Total
|
|
Block
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block and Kick
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block and Punch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block and Sweep
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kick
|
12
|
9
|
2
|
|
23
|
|
Fake kick
|
|
7
|
|
|
7
|
|
Punch
|
2
|
4
|
|
|
6
|
|
Fake punch
|
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
Self-release
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Topple
|
13
|
3
|
|
|
16
|
|
Sweep
|
|
1
|
1
|
|
2
|
|
Catch
|
4
|
3
|
|
|
7
|
|
Dodge
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Others
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
62
|
|
Exponent
|
Block
|
Kick
|
Others*
|
Total
|
|
Blue
|
-
|
12
|
17
|
29
|
|
Red
|
-
|
11
|
22
|
33
|
|
Total
|
-
|
23
|
39
|
62
|
KEYWORDS:
|
|
Meanings
|
|
KHTW
|
Kick hit target winner
|
|
KHTL
|
Kick hit target loser
|
|
KHEW
|
Kick hit elsewhere winner
|
|
KHEL
|
Kick hit elsewhere loser
|
|
KMOW
|
Kick miss opponent win
|
|
KMOL
|
Kick miss opponent lose
|
Table 1: Notational analysis in observation of the video Silat Olahraga.(Comparison kicking winner and loser Malaysia team 1&2)
|
KHTW1
|
KHTL1
|
KHEW1
|
KHEL1
|
KMOW1
|
KMOL1
|
|||
|
3
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
|||
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
|||
|
4
|
2
|
3
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
|||
|
Total
|
Total
|
Total
|
Total
|
Total
|
Total
|
|||
|
10
|
7
|
8
|
5
|
3
|
3
|
|||
*Malaysia win and loser 1
|
KHTW2
|
KHTL2
|
KHEW2
|
KHEL2
|
KMOW2
|
KMOL2
|
|||
|
0
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|||
|
3
|
0
|
4
|
3
|
2
|
3
|
|||
|
3
|
2
|
4
|
4
|
3
|
4
|
|||
|
Total
|
Total
|
Total
|
Total
|
Total
|
Total
|
|||
|
6
|
4
|
10
|
9
|
7
|
9
|
|||
*Malaysia win and loser 2
Table
2: Paired T-TEST that are used to find the mean and std. deviation.
|
Paired
Samples Test
|
|||||||||
|
|
Paired Differences
|
t
|
df
|
Sig. (2-tailed)
|
|||||
|
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
Std. Error Mean
|
95% Confidence Interval of
Difference
|
||||||
|
Lower
|
Upper
|
||||||||
|
Pair
1
|
kick
hit target winner1 - kick hit target loser1
|
1.00000
|
1.00000
|
.57735
|
-1.48414
|
3.48414
|
1.732
|
2
|
.225
|
|
Pair
3
|
kick
missing opponent winner1 - kick missing opponent loser1
|
-.33333
|
.57735
|
.33333
|
-1.76755
|
1.10088
|
-1.000
|
2
|
.423
|
|
Pair
4
|
kick
hit target winner2 - kick hit target loser2
|
1.00000
|
1.00000
|
.57735
|
-1.48414
|
3.48414
|
1.732
|
2
|
.225
|
|
Pair
5
|
kick
hit elsewhere winner 2 - kick hit elsewhere loser2
|
-1.00000
|
1.00000
|
.57735
|
-3.48414
|
1.48414
|
-1.732
|
2
|
.225
|
|
Pair
6
|
kick
missing opponent winner2 - kick missing opponent loser 2
|
-.66667
|
.57735
|
.33333
|
-2.10088
|
.76755
|
-2.000
|
2
|
.184
|
Discussion
From the table above that we can conclude,
the winner of the silat matched get more kick less than the loser, and the most
different things is the mean and frequency of kicking which the winner team
more than loser team. Rather his kick are hit target or not, the kicking
techniques are the most important technique in silat. The kick style in silat
is the best kick because the power of the kick is directly delivered and
indirectly to the other pesilat. Moreover, in silat other indicators for
example catching and topple is important to understand that the pesilat need to
master for winning match. The mean and standard deviation of kick hit elsewhere
and kick missing opponent by the winners was lower than the kick hit elsewhere
and kick missing opponent by the losers, it showed that the losers got no point
because their kick does not hit the target and they gain no scores point from
kick elsewhere and kick missing opponents.
When
compared to kick hit target, kick hit elsewhere and kick missing opponent, the
kick hit elsewhere is more significance compared to other indicators. We can say
that during the kicking action in the SilatOlahraga matches, the winners groups
have a very fast movement at their lower limb. This fast movement means they
try to avoid the kicking from the opponent. However, it still hit at every part
of the body but no point was given. Besides, we might say that the losers
groups were tired at their lower limb. This is due by the neuromuscular
activity between the brain and the lower limb became slow or fatigue. So, the
kicking from the losers group was different from the winners group.
For
my observation, Malaysia team performance that I can conclude is they are quite
good in terms of their technique and technical tactics. I guess the training
that have been prepared before the SEA Games are exactly in high intensity.
Maybe lack of experiences facing the same opponent which are top country so
they low in psychology. Besides that, countries like Thailand, Vietnam,
Indonesia and Malaysia are categorized as the big name in ‘silat’ because all
this countries have been practiced this sport long time ago. So, the opponent
that drawn to face ‘pesilat’ from these 4 countries feels afraid and anxiety
thus confident level of the athlete become low. They can’t perform well and
will lead to lose the game.
Conclusion
Based
on the result, we can know kicking is the most technique use by all athlete
silat mostly by the man winner. The high rate frequency of kick hit target in
order to gains more point. So, the man styles of attacking that use kick as
their main collected points. The man should be organized in attacking pattern
play by focusing on the kicking that they should use it.
Because
of the lack points and quite hard in punching and topple, all athlete described
kicking technique is the most impressive point and skills in silat olahraga.
Thus, the technique will be uprooted pinpoint to determine the outcome of the
match score in this sport. The athlete must be brave to come closer to their
opponent especially in round 1 of the game. So it’s easy for them do kicking to
their opponent. So this technique gives more point and more easy to athlete to
increase the average to win in the match especially for the man winner.
Based
on Martial Art Training –There are three recommendations in order to improve
the kicking technique in silatolahraga matches. Firstly,the warm arm-up and
stretching sessions ought to be between 30 – 45 minutes. Keeping in mind the
end goal to set up your legs with overwhelming exercises amid the silat
preparing, you have to warm up both of your legs legitimately. Regularly, the
warm up session start after the bunga silat preparing. However, it is better
for you to begin the warm up session prior even before the coach arrives. Next,
kick quicker not harder. On the off chance that you are the apprentice, you
have to prepare how to kick accurately first. At that point you have to prepare
on the most proficient method to kick quicker by twofold the measure of kicks
for each kicking session. You additionally can utilize stopwatch to include the
quantity of kicks 10, 20 or even 30 seconds. Lastly, double the kick training
on weak leg. No questions that numerous silat examples like to depend on their
more grounded leg. In any case, try not to be one of the measurements. You have
to rehearse both legs keeping in mind the end goal to be a fruitful silat type.
It is difficult however it is conceivable. What you need is only a basic
recipe. You have to twofold the measure of kicks for the weaker leg. This
implies for each 20 kicks with your prevailing leg, you have to kick 40 times
with your weaker leg. This equation helps numerous silat types to have the
capacity to enhance their weaker leg speed and power.
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About Author
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